american history final past test questions. Do ocean gyres have specific shapes to them? The key answer is that the shape of the gyre is determined by whether the winds torque the water in a clockwise or in a counterclockwise direction. All submitted tests are subject to the Science Olympiad Student Center Site Rules and Policies. a single channel that winds snakelike over the area it covers. Anchors are connected to holding lines with acoustic couplings that are released to recall the instruments. Occur where a river meets an area of rock that erodes slowly, process by which a stream in one watershed is captured by a stream in an adjacent watershed, channel irregularities such as rapids and waterfalls, deposits of sand and soil at the mouth of a river form, graph used to show if sediments will deposit, transport, or erode sediment. stream The boundary where the ocean and the land meet; temporary and unstable, The evolution of bogs and marshes from interactions between surface and groundwater, Wetlands are formed from these interactions and are present in climates and landscapes that cause ground water to discharge to land surface or that prevent rapid drainage of water from the land surface. Notes: Bottom cores over 100 feet long are taken during oil exploration, Used: To wash bottom sediments free of material less than 1/2 mm The deepest zone of the ocean, it extends from 19,700 feet (6,000 meters) to the very bottom at 35,797 ft. (10,911 meters) in the Mariana trench off the coast of Japan. Two-way communication via satellite allows control of remote instruments. +Reservoirs behind dams trap sediment which deprives downstream rivers of sediment which is an important part of the ecosystem Tide caused by gravitational and inertial interaction of the moon and Earth. These are the fastest flowing boundary currents. smaller streams and rivers that flow into a main river, river basins drained by a river and flowing into the same large body of water, a type of landform consisting of the outline of a path of relatively shallow and narrow body of fluid, the point where a river enters a lake or sea, channels in which the streams are actively cutting into solid rock, a river flows down a steep slope into a flat valley, a stream consisting of numerous intertwining channels, A river or small stream that curves back and forth across its valley, Rare; short; deepest part typically wanders back and forth. Vz[wR:\hkDW The reference level (0.0) from which tidal height is measured. H95\Y}K$8@ ~jJ|@!B1Yv#SgitqY.u}K#(AF &*R0OjThC The sound reflects from the seafloor and is received by the second array of instruments. Each team may bring two stand-alone calculators ofany type. what is the approximate tidal range on dec. 3rd between 12pm and 6pm? Three quarters of the area of the deep ocean floor lies in this zone. These are usually found along hillsides and cliffs. Salt in the ocean comes from rocks on land. =number of years recorded / number of events, Zone in soil that is not saturated with water and that lies above the water table; the upper soil layers that hold both air and water In the North Atlantic, this runs somewhat southwest to northeast, while in the North Pacific it runs much more east-west. The sea surface temperature ranges from as high as 97F (36C) in the Persian Gulf, to 28F (-2C) near the north pole. Home. emissions of gases, non-explosive lava emissions, extremely violent explosive bursts that last many hours; volcanic eruptions, a process by which glaciers form and spread; the forming, existence, or movement of glaciers over the surface of the earth. About a dozen amphidromic points exist in the world ocean. small free-floating animals that form part of plankton that feed on marine algae. Data from the 10,000 XBTs U.S. oceanographers launch annually are a major source of physical oceanographic information. These robots, used for many years for simple oceanographic tasks, are increasingly sophisticated. Dl _[\Bsd t:j9wfXz A measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of liquid. mature wind waves of one wavelength that form orderly undulations of the ocean surface. Water sampling devices range from a bucket dropped over the side of a ship to large water bottles sent thousands of meters toward the seafloor on a wire. These tides are a time of greatest variation between high and low tides. 3DEB 41 0 obj ( lines of equal elevation of groundwater elevation; indicate the elevation of the water table at that location (on a topo map) (see image), Are perpendicular to contour lines and show the direction in which water flows on a topo map. The addition of wave energy as waves meet producing larger waves. Water rushing out of an enclosed harbor or bay because of the fall in sea level as a tide trough approaches. The southern boundary of the subtropical gyre is similarly associated with the maximum in the easterly winds. Ocean circulation changes impact the food chain, including animals that live in polar regions or visit polar regions if they migrate. new water that enters the aquifer from the surface. Other uses of sound capitalize on the fact that low-frequency sound can be recorded after travelling great distances in water. die Berliner Mauer. der Tiergarten. Satellite-based instruments useful to oceanographers studying ocean circulation include altimeters, which register variations in sea level slope that indicate current flow, and infrared sensors that show currents, eddies, and other circulation features. These waves have a wavelength greater than 1.73cm. It depends on wind patterns in the atmosphere. 137 0 obj They show the shape of the land the mountains, valleys, and plains by means of brown contour lines, The concept that describes the hierarchy of stream types (see image). The Science Olympiad consists of interscholastic competitions for students in grades 6th-12th. =industrial waste the sorted material deposited by a stream, Are formed by the chemical and mechanical action of the wind, strong winds that pick up large quantities of dust, sediment deposited in a stream channel, along a stream bank, or on a floodplain, areas of land that have been eroded by water and are always U or V shaped, measure the stream channel shape, monitor the velocity and the water level, underground water that is held in the soil and in previous rocks, upper soil layers that hold both air and water, zone where all open spaces in sediment and rock are completely filled with water, the top of the saturated zone and is completely filled with water, the volume of open spaces in rock or soil, Ability of rock or soil to allow water to flow through it, caves, speleothems (stalactites and stalagmites), sinkholes, springs, a naturally formed underground chamber or series of chambers most commonly produced by solution activity in limestone, a large surface crater caused by the collapse of an underground channel or cavern; often triggered by groundwater withdrawal. Because it has nowhere else to go, it starts flowing horizontally until it reaches an opening and water comes out as a spring. It's the pitch black bottom layer of the ocean, the name abyss comes from the Greek word meaning "no bottom" because they thought the ocean was bottomless. The topic changes from year to year. What is the strongest influence upon tides? Teams will then be asked to answer questions, perform calculations, and otherwise solve the tasks they are given. Check out, https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/sofar.html, Dynamic Planet 2019 Coaches Clinic Presentation (2020 Rules), 2020 Science Olympiad: Dynamic Planet NOAA, Dynamic Planet 2019 Coaches Clinic Presentation (2018 Rules), Dynamic Planet Great Climateand GlacierGraphsand Maps, Investigating Plate Tectonics with Google Earth, The Bridge An ocean of teacher approved marine education resources, Oceanography: An Invitation to Marine Science. This happens through adhesion and cohesion Some images used in this set are licensed under the Creative Commons through Flickr.com.Click to see the original works with their full license. valley-like depressions formed by a linear series of sinkholes or collapse of the roof of a linear cave. The reflection of progressive waves by a vertical barrier. c. The study of transport across oceans d. The worst event in Science Olympiad 2. =oil leaks It then adjusts buoyancy as it approaches the bottom to insure a soft landing for the delicate instruments it carries and to avoid disturbing the sediment surface. a. The drainage pattern developed in this case is called _______ drainage. From 3,300 ft. (1,000 meters) to 13,100 ft. (4,000 meters) due to its constant darkness, this zone is also called the midnight zone. Patterns in which water drains: dendritic (dentrites), trellis (like in farming), rectangular (like those sand shaking things), and radial (run down the mountain). The Dynamic Planet Quiz Book offers two, one for each Division, short 29 question tests built from questions asked at previous National Tournaments. what is an isolated submarine volcanic mountain with a flat summit called? A phenomenon in which Earth's plates split apart causing more rock to erupt to the ocean floor. << /BitsPerComponent 8 /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB /ColorTransform 0 /Filter /DCTDecode /Height 600 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 900 /Length 63000 >> The load contains dissolved materials such as sodium and calcium. One of the major parts in Earth's outer crust layer. is the ratio between the length of the channel and the straight-line path length along the valley floor. Research vessels transport remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) to study sites and provide staging, servicing, and monitoring platforms for them. Operates: On a cable or line (free fall) or by hand without a messenger Some rocks are fractured in a rectangular fashion and streams develop on the fractures. Other profilers, including some that measure sound velocity and microturbulence, are dropped from a ship to free-fall to the seafloor, adjust ballast, and return to the surface for retrieval. Most ions are used by organisms and remove from the water, others are not used and are left for a long time where their concentration increases over time. what is a steep-sided and v-shaped deep depression on the continental slope? A "no-tide" point in an ocean caused by basin resonances, friction, and other factors around which tide crests rotate. =marine dumping Instruments can be moored in the ocean for months or years to collect samples or data. Probably the most commonly used water sampler is known as a CTD/rosette: it is a framework designed to carry 12 to 36 sampling bottles (typically ranging from 1.2- to 30-liter capacity) and a conductivity/ temperature/ depth sensor that sends information to the laboratory so that the water bottles can be closed selectively as the instrument ascends. Dams' affects: The information below should not be interpreted as an extension of the rules. stream or river which has a constant stream year-round during years of normal rainfall. A channel that is divided into smaller channels by temporary islands called eyots. Here is another useful resource: https://science.nasa.gov/earth-science/oceanography/physical-ocean/currents, https://www.noaa.gov/education/resource-collections/ocean-coasts-education-resources/ocean-currents.