scottish rite northern jurisdiction pha

23 Chief of the Tabernacle "The Degree RitualsofThe Supreme Council, 33, AASR for theNorthern Masonic Jurisdiction United States of America". Each Valley has up to four Scottish Rite bodies, and each body confers a set of degrees. I am a Northern Jurisdiction, Scottish Rite 32, from the valley of Philadelphia, Pa. everything on our regalia is also "wings down" just like the southern jurisdiction. Each Valley has up to four Scottish Rite bodies, and each body confers a set of degrees. Brother Robert H. Johnson over on the Midnight Freemasons blog has a long post today outlining the basic, general differences between the U.S. systems of the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite Northern Masonic Jurisdiction, versus the Southern Jurisdiction. 15, Cleveland, Ohio Former mayor, East Cleveland, *Ill. Lynden O. Plaintiffs United Supreme Council, 33 Degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, Prince Hall Affiliation, Southern Jurisdiction of the United States ("USC-SJ Tennessee" or "USC-SJ I") and its Washington DC-based predecessor (USC-SJ Predecessor) have brought suit against Defendants United Supreme Council of the . 1219.1) and lapel buttons (art. We are PHA Affiliated Freemasons practicing the Scottish Rite in the state of Georgia. Journey On is the anthemic campaign for Scottish Rite of Freemasonry in the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction. In Texas I am obliged to follow The Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of Texas and that of the jurisdiction I am located in at any given time. should never abandon study of the philosophy of its ritualistic teachings that, by recast and revision, it may keep in the van of advancing 49, Springfield, Illinois Comedian/Actor, Ill. Charles Rangel 33 King David Consistory No. That no matter how close we are, the further apart we feel, and that truth belongs to whoever shouts the loudest.Introducing "The Call," our newest video in the Not Just A Man. Scottish Rite Foundation, Southern Jurisdiction, U.S.A., Inc. We hope that you find our website fascinating and informative about the Scottish Rite of Freemasonry under the Prince Hall Affiliation and the activities of the members of this Orient. Welcome to the Orient of Georgia AASR, PHA Southern Jurisdiction Website. No caps at all! My Freemasonry | Freemason Information and Discussion Forum. The Journey Begins in the Heart. The SC-SWJ and SC-SJ consolidated to form the United Supreme Council, AASR, PHA Southern Jurisdiction (USC-SJ). It may not display this or other websites correctly. I think it's wonderful because it also undercuts the bogus "Scottish Rite" organizations. What next, 3 = 4? (Isaac) Mishoe 33 Weaver-Chavis Class of 1977 Corinthian Consistory No. These degrees teach the moral codes of a Mason. They are not advanced degrees beyond that of Master Mason in the Blue Lodge; instead, the Scottish Rite Freemasonry degrees are further education on the principals of the Blue Lodge. 73), Nassau, Bahamas First Prime Minister, Bahamas, *Ill. William F. (Frank) Powell 33 Class of 1879 DeHugo Consistory No. Once signed in, you'll be able to participate on this site by adding your own topics and posts, as well as connect with other members through your own private inbox! Scottish Rite 32 Down is back 2-Sided Masonic Coin 5-Color Wrist Purse from LAUTERER Newly Added Washable Face Masks and The Commander-in-Chief of the Pennsylvania Council of Deliberation is Ill. Robert J. Bateman, 33, RWPGM, Deputy for Pennsylvania and Active Member of the Supreme Council. 2. That was a couple of months back and I haven't heard a release date yet. PHA SJ also wings down. The United Supreme Council Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry for the Southern and Western Masonic Jurisdiction of the U.S.A. and Canada as organized on April 5, 1869, in the city of Washington, D.C., by many high degree Masons from Washington , D.C. to regulate Scottish Rite Masonry from the fourth to the thirty-third degrees. The Scottish Rite makes application of the doctrines of Freemasonry to every realm of human activity. A Mason. In the NMJ, the SGIG's wear wings up on purple caps. this really helps me understand now, i am thinking about becoming a freemason. 28 Knight of the Sun Supreme Councils have been established on nearly every continent and now include the following nations: Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czech Republic, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, England & Wales, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Hungary, Iran-In-Exile, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Scotland, Serbia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, Togo, Turkey, Uruguay, and Venezuela.Northern Masonic Jurisdiction Website. MEMORANDUM OPINION. Made of Black faille material, hard sides, Black and Gold braid, finished with double-headed eagle buttons and fine rayon cord. Officially, the Supreme Council, 33, N.M.J. The two American Scottish Rite jurisdictions co-exist in the United States. Newport News, VA 23601. "So Mote It Be" is a phrase used by Freemasons at the end of rituals that first appeared in the Regius Manuscript. In 1945 the United Supreme Council satisfied the Supreme Council, 33, Northern Jurisdiction, that its rituals were "authentic and recognized." The rituals evinced at this time (the Book of the Scottish Rite) were based on the Northern Jurisdiction's own "Union of 1867" ritual. Freemasonry welcomes members from all races, ethnicities, and backgrounds. U.S. Scottish Rite. 5, Dover, Delaware Past president, Delaware State University, Ill. Otis Moss Jr. 33 Robert W. Gwaltney Class of 1987 Bezaleel Consistory No. Prince Hall Masonry is, in essence, a "separate but equal" organization of Freemasons in the United States who are of African ancestry that dates back to the post-Revolutionary War era. Price: From $34.00 to $44.00. 14 Grand Elect Mason, Council of Princes of Jerusalem 15 16 Degrees, 15 Knight of the East or Sword 29 Knight of St. Andrew EXECUTIVE SESSION BINGHAMTON, NEW YORK. 15, Cleveland, Ohio Renowned pastor and civil rights activist, Ill. Gary Norton 33 Samuel C. Hunter Jr. Class of 2014 Bezaleel Consistory No. It is founded upon and governed by the Regulations of 1762, the Constitution of 1786 as modified, and the unwritten principles of Freemasonry. We may not be able to resolve all the issues related with this sickness, but we can surely help the members of our Scottish Rite Family. UNITED SUPREME COUNCIL, 33 DEGREE OF THE ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE OF FREEMASONRY, PRINCE HALL AFFILIATION, SOUTHERN JURISDICTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, et al., Plaintiffs, v. . DuBois Consistory #116 Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite Northern Jurisdiction, PHA Valley of London England, Orient of Europe REQUEST TO REMOVE Top Masonic Store Sites - The Web's Most Popular Sites Address. Pennsylvania Scottish Rite and its affiliated Valleys acknowledge and yield allegiance to the Supreme Council, Thirty-third Degree, Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite for the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction of the United States of America, whose Grand East is in Lexington, Massachusetts and whose Officers are: Ill. Peter J. Samiec, 33, Sovereign Grand Commander, Ill. Mark Roth, 33, Grand Lieutenant Commander, Ill. Richard W. Elliott, 33, Grand Minister of State, Ill. Douglas R. Policastro, 33 Grand Secretary General, Ill. Walter F. Wheeler, 33, Grand Treasurer General, Ill. Robert J. Bateman, 33, RWPGM, Deputy for Pennsylvania, Ill. Steven Gardner, 33, Active Member for Pennsylvania, Ill. Thomas R. Labagh, 33, Active Member for Pennsylvania, Ill. Keith E. Parkinson, 33, Active Member for Pennsylvania, Ill. Paul J. Roup, 33, Active Member for Pennsylvania, Ill. C. DeForrest Trexler, 33, Active Emeritus, Ill. William L. McCarrier, 33, Active Emeritus, Ill. Thomas K. Sturgeon, 33, RWPGM, Active Emeritus, Ill. Russell W. Baker, 33, Active Emeritus, Ill. George Nakonetschny, 33, Active Emeritus. digitalVGW", "Honorary emeritus membership certificate issued to Sovereign Grand Commander Henry L. Palmer, 1889 March 1", "QUITS HIGH MASONIC POST. The other branches are known as the York Rite and the Ancient Arabic Order of Nobles of the Mystic Shrine (Shriners). 21 Patriarch Noachite (Oscar) Pindling 33 Charles F. Casterman Class of 1979 Bahamas Consistory No. Supreme Council, 33 Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite, NMJ, USA 33 Marrett Road, Lexington, MA 02421 If you'd like to mail us something: Supreme Council, 33 Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite, NMJ, USA PO Box 519, Lexington, MA 02420-0519 Phone Numbers Phone: (781) 862-4410 Toll Free: (800) 814-1432 FAX: (781) 863-1833 I felt that I shouldn't and couldn't be obligated to adhere to the laws, rules and regulations of the Jurisdiction if I didn't know what they were. CHARITIES, INC. If the username "OKGRSEC" means the brother is current or past Grand Secretary of Oklahoma he's an expert on Oklahoma Masonic code. Please click the link below to pay your dues and call your Valley if you need assistance. Recognition Overview Hall of Honor Pillars of Charity Portrait Gallery Our Museum Archives General Information - Archives Photographic Services Requests History of the Temple Internships & Job Opportunities Library General Information - Library Online Catalog Our Collections You might want to check on that interpretation. The Deputy is the ex-officio Commander-in-Chief. Interesting. Learn how your comment data is processed. 1887: United Supreme Council, 33, Ancient & Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, Prince Hall Affiliation, Southern Jurisdiction, USA. Always in the Heart. 1217) of a 33 Honorary Member, the eagle is described as a "double-headed eagle, wings extended and pointing down," and for 32 lapel buttons (art. *Ill. James R. Williams 33 Centennial Class of 1981 Bezaleel Consistory No. Displaying products 1 - 78 of 78 results Show: Sort: Your cart is empty. It celebrates the journey of a Scottish Rite Mason and their commitment to the. 3, New York, New York Civil Rights advocate. $95.00. 27 Commander of the Temple [5] [6] Thursday Night at the Rite ReturnsBiweekly, March 2 - April 13, 2023. In the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction, the bodies are the: Lodge of Perfection (4 - 14) Council of Princes of Jerusalem (15 - 16) Chapter of Rose Croix (17 - 18) Consistory (19 - 32) ; Barton Smith, 33d, Resigns as Head of the Scottish Rite", "Honorary Scottish Rite Mason certificate issued by the Supreme Councils of the United States to President Ronald Reagan, 1988 February 11", "The Supreme Council of the Scottish Rite", Scottish Rite, Northern Masonic Jurisdiction website: Frequently asked questions, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Council,_Scottish_Rite,_Northern_Jurisdiction,_USA&oldid=1142562682, This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 03:33. Healthy debates are natural, but kindness is required. Many jurisdictions have an "act like the locals" rule when visiting. Once signed in, you'll be able to participate on this site by adding your own topics and posts, as well as connect with other members through your own private inbox! The Scottish Rite builds upon the ethical teachings and philosophy offered in the Blue Lodge. Please stay healthy, keep following the directions of your Local, State and Federal Government and. The Bulletin is the national organ for the United Supreme Council, 33 , Ancient & Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, Prince Hall Affiliation, Southern Jurisdiction, USA. As far as I know SJ does not use any variation on it (explaining the lack of any explanation). 1907: Order of the Golden Circle. Scottish Rite Crowns 33 Hard top. FREEMASONRY FOR THE NORTHERN MASONIC JURISDICTION OF THE. Can anyone shed some light on the symbolic differences for me? Box 9258 . NMJ uses wings down. We welcome you our cyber home. Many prominent Masons took these same steps to enhance their understanding of . The Northern jurisdiction of the rite covers 15 states east of Mississippi River. 17, Seattle WashingtonFormer U.S. Representative, New York City. The mission of the United Supreme Council, 33 of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, Prince Hall Affiliation, Southern Jurisdiction of the USA is to serve as the College of Freemasonry for aspiring Master Masons seeking more light in the Scottish Rite; thereby, enhancing the knowledge base, providing the moral teachings of the Many have contracted the virus and all our Brethren, and their families are feeling its results. Am very new to the AASR (last weekend) and this has been very informative. That's cool. Any changes in our Scottish Rite ritual I believe would have been before WWII, in the early 1940's. It can best be summarized by the late, Melvin Maynard Johnson, the NMJ's former Sovereign Grand Commander, in his, If the time ever comes when the Scottish Rite determines to remain 32 Sublime Prince of the Royal Secret, 33 Sovereign Grand Inspector General It may not display this or other websites correctly. Robert's post is a good primer for anyone who is interested in joining the Scottish Rite and is encountering . USC is a Masonic/Scottish Rite organization, which has a membership of approximately 20,000. Attend a Reunion where the Scottish Rite Degrees are conferred. We invite you to watch and join us in reaffirming the vow we, as Masons, took when we joined as Entered Apprentices.We invite you to watch The Call and learn more about Not Just a Man. Our Grand Lodge. Let's treat everyone with respect. scottish rite because Albert Pike gave them the same degrees. The Rite actually has its establishment in America, in South Carolina. Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite for the 33rd Degree of Freemasonry Southern Jurisdiction, Prince Hall Affiliated Grand Orient of the District of Columbia Recognizing and Honoring our Scottish Rite History Since 1886 Reorganized 2015 1835 7th Street, NW #153 Washington, DC 20001 Our Mission For further information, visit BeAFreemason.org or contact your local Scottish Rite Body to assist in locating a suitable Masonic lodge. Liam O'Grady United States District Judge. This Council arose through West Indian migration, for Stephen Morin had propagated the Rite there. ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE OF . Southern Jurisdiction (3) Scottish Rite Cap Cases (5) Southern Jurisdiction U.S.A. (7) fratline emblematics. 33 of the Ancient & Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry. In the U.S. there are two Supreme Councils. The other branch is known as the York Rite, consisting of Royal Arch Masons, Royal and Select Masters, and Knights Templar. Scottish Rite Apparel and Retail Gear from the tremendous Retail fan store. Exciting news today from Washington D.C.! Scottish Rite Northern Masonic Jurisdiction, As Scottish Rite Masons we recognize our core values to be; Reverence for God, Justice, Toleration, Devotion to Country, Service to Humanity and Integrity. Provide Convenient opportunities for our members to enhance their lives. A Valley usually consists of four Bodies; a Lodge of Perfection (4 -14), a Council of Princes of Jerusalem (15 & 16), a Chapter of Rose Croix (17 & 18) and a Consistory (19 - 32). Please stay healthy, keep following the directions of your Local, State and Federal Government and MAY GOD HOLD YOU IN THE PALM OF HIS HANDS. So I will announce it and trumpet it far and wide once it's a real book. 20 Master ad Vitam 1893: Ancient Egyptian Arabic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. E: nnsrwebmaster@gmail.com. All Rights Reserved. 1216), the double-headed eagle is described as "a double-headed eagle, wings extended and pointing up." From meeting Scottish Rite leaders to educational . Until then, its leaders We explore its history in this blog. Today, the world can feel like it's lost its way. But sometimes in the NMJ "wings up" can be used only to symbolize and distinguish its 33 only. This was the date of the "Union of 1867", when it merged with the competing Cerneau "Supreme Council" in New York. According to the SJ Supreme Council is concerned anything that is "wings up" is purely an artistic license and has no official symbolism. The Southern Jurisdiction is organized differently and has a few different names for some of these degrees. 6 Intimate Secretary We go at our freemasonry bare-headed here in Canada! It is the largest in total membership in the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction. You must log in or register to reply here. Our 29 Degrees teach moral lessons and express our identified core values through a beautiful system of dramatic allegories. The Scottish Rite Mason is the foe of intolerance, bigotry, and ignorance in all their forms. every other Body of said Rite within the same jurisdiction that does not hold its powers mediate or immediately from said United Supreme Council, and . Ancient Egyptian Arabic Order Nobles Mystic Shrine. In 1980, Federal Lodge hosted the meeting where the Grand Master of D.C. and the Prince Hall Grand Master of D.C. signed a concordat of mutual recognition. 15, Cleveland, Ohio 25th General President, Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Ill. Donald P. Wilson 33Alvin H. Swiggett Class of 2001DeMolay Consistory No. Before you can join the Scottish Rite, you must first become a Master Mason in a Lodge which is a part of a Grand Lodge recognized by the Conference of Grand Masters in North America ( COGMINA). or 73 (now James E. Morley Consistory No. DEGREES OF THE ANCIENT AND ACCEPTED SCOTTISH RITE NORTHERN JURISDICTION IN THE - [ Consistory ]- Fourteen "Traditional", "Chivalric" and "Modern" Degrees - from the 19th to the 32nd inclusive, are conferred in a Consistory of Sublime Princes of the Royal Secret. The Supreme Council, 33, of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite for the Southern Jurisdiction of the United States, and Mother Supreme Council of the World, in session this week, announced that it is formally recognizing the Prince Hall Scottish Rite Supreme Council. We are the men of 32 Scottish Rite Freemasonry. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. The announcement you've been waiting for! (Alexander) Young 33 Carey M. Rector Class of 1974 Wolverine Consistory No. In the U.S. there are two Supreme Councils. For hat wear see other category. Although I haven't seen a whole lot of em. Welcome. Our Scottish Rite Apparel and merchandise shop will help fans prepare for football, basketball, baseball, and lacrosse season. You have Member Dues that are outstanding. 10 Master Elect of the Fifteen North It provides its members with lessons in practical living through a focus on philosophical disquisition and morality. Virtual Reunions are your chance to not only join the Scottish Rite, Northern Masonic Jurisdiction, but witness multiple degrees alongside fellow brethren during a one-day event. To find the Valley nearest your home or Lodge, please visit our 'Valley's in Pennsylvania' page. The Call is the latest video in our Not Just A Man. The Scottish Rite is the largest and most widely practiced Masonic Rite in the world and employs a lodge system. 18- Knight of the Rose Croix, 19 Grand Pontiff Saw below on Phoenixmasonry's facebook page, and just double checked with the video feed from the biannual session and it seems to be legit. (Andrew) McClain 33 John R. Lawrence Class of 1971 King Solomon Consistory No. Richard Gordon and Brent Morris directed me to a paper by Art de Hoyos on the Origins of PHA Scottish Rite Rituals, originally published in the #5 (1996) edition of Heredom. On behalf of the Fraters and Loyal Ladies of the Orient of Ohio I bring you greetings as the 13th Most Illustrious Commander-in-Chief and Deputy for the Orient of Ohio. JavaScript is disabled. Only the SGIG caps are wings up. 65 Saunders Rd. Add to Cart. You are obliged to obey the laws of the jurisdiction you are IN, not where you are FROM. 2 023 BOARD MEETING. I know it required reformatting because of how he created his document. F: 2024640487 No Hate Speech or Bullying. The Scottish Rite can confer an additional 30 degrees to the Master Mason. *Deceased members are identified with asterisk (*). Al Sharpton 32 King David Consistory No. In "mainstream" Scottish Rite, Northern Masonic Jurisdiction, the 32 cap, the MSA (red) cap, and the 33 cap all have wings down. We will strive to be a fraternity that fulfills our Masonic Obligation to care for our members. So, I just know it's still coming, just not when. Copyright 2018 Pennsylvania Scottish Rite - All Rights Reserved. There is no international governing body each Supreme Council in each country is sovereign unto itself. Prince Hall scottish rite degrees are the same ones as the s.j. civilization.. dates itself from May 15, 1867. BOOK HOTEL ROOM NOW! I am a Northern Jurisdiction, Scottish Rite 32, from the valley of Philadelphia, Pa. everything on our regalia is also "wings down" just like the southern jurisdiction. . Supreme Council of the Ancient & Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, Southern Jurisdiction of the USA. I've noticed images of the double-headed eagle with its wings up and with its wings down. In the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction of the U.S.A, Council of Princes of Jerusalem stands alone as the second of the four bodies, which comprise a complete Scottish Rite Valley. Would be nice if there was a clear explanation if one exists. The decisions of the Southern Jurisdiction are binding on SR for Texas SR. What's Happening I am forced to laboriously screen every post because I am constantly bombarded with spam. The Northern Masonic Jurisdiction refers to state organizations as Councils of Deliberation and the local bodies are organized into Valleys. A Guidebook to the House of the Temple - The History, Architecture & Symbolism. Washington, DC 20009, T: 2022323579 And I suspect Michael may have had some copyright concerns about several images, along with graphics too small to properly reproduce for publication - just one longstanding danger with grabbing internet art that guys like Mike and other pros worry about. But sometimes in the NMJ "wings up" can be used only to symbolize and distinguish its 33 only. What is the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite? This season brings you: We can't wait to see you at Thursday Night at the Rite! UNITED SUPREME COUNCIL . On the one hand, the caps are an inheritance from our chivalric tradition, as similar ones were associated with European Orders of Knighthood, where they evolved from the Arming Bonnet, worn under . Provide Inspiration for our members through meaningful programs and degrees. JavaScript is disabled. Check out the full schedule and mark your calendar. 4. An honorary 33 is conferred annually to certain 32 masons who have exemplified, in their daily lives, the true meaning of the Brotherhood of Man under the Fatherhood of God. The Supreme Council, 33, of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite for the Southern Jurisdiction of the United States, and Mother Supreme Council of the World, in session this week, announced that it is formally recognizing the Prince Hall Scottish Rite Supreme Council. Copyright 19982023 The Supreme Council, 33, A. 11 Sublime Master Elected North I agree to your website privacy and use policies outlined in this document. We are happy of your interest in pursuing more Knowledge in Freemasonry through the oldest Masonic Rite known as Ancient & Accepted Scottish Rite. Insist that, in Texas PHASR aren't really SR but in other states they are? 2, Camden, New Jersey Envoy to Haiti (18971905), Ill. Chester C. (Cornelius) Pryor II 33 Robert Shannon Taylor Class of 1975 King Solomon Consistory No. That may be true in PHA Scottish Rite. ing world, then is the time for its obsequies. Add to Cart. Unlike York Rite, Texas does not have its own independent Scottish Rite governing body. Lodge of Perfection - 4 - 14 Degrees 4 - Secret Master 5 - Perfect Master This promises to be a boon to NMJ Masons who have been begging for something similar for years, and it frankly should have been published officially by the Supreme Council. It is due to be released later this year by Starr Publishing, a print on demand imprint that has published Cliff Porter's books. In my readings and study of the SR monitor, M&D, etc i haven't come across an explanation of a wings up DH eagle. You are using an out of date browser. Register a free account today to become a member! Address. E: council@scottishrite.org. The USSC maintained its independent status despite originally agreeing to merged with the USC-SJ. The Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite in each country is governed by a Supreme Council. Look inside for the answer. Do you feel the call of Scottish Rite Freemasonry? According to some estimates, there are more than 160,000 members of the Scottish Rite in the world. Today, almost all mainstream U.S. grand lodges recognize the validity of Prince Hall grand lodges, and there is free visitation and fraternal relations back and forth between the systems, without the unfortunate prejudice and segregation of yesteryear. It is, Many Masons often ask why there is so much difference between the philosophy of the two jurisdictions in the US regarding their rituals. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Be Kind and Courteous. We supply for Northern and Southern Jurisdictions. Once you've made the decision to seek membership in the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite and have identified the Valley most convenient for you, please visit https://scottishritenmj.org/join to complete an online petition. Title Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite Masonry, Prince Hall Affiliation, Southern Jurisdiction; Summary Webpage detailing the officers, activities, and history of the Ancient & Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry Prince Hall Affiliation Southern Jurisdiction.

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