orson welles net worth at death

In his spare time, Marlon Brando loved to play the drums and the congas, watch professional wrestling, practice boxing, operate HAM radio . The missing footage from Ambersons has been called a "holy grail" of cinema. The meticulous Cortez worked slowly and the film lagged behind schedule and over budget. On the evening of October 9, 1985, Welles recorded his final interview on the syndicated TV program The Merv Griffin Show, appearing with biographer Barbara Leaming. [58]:64. Welles was a lifelong lover of Shakespeare, and Peter Bogdanovich writes that Chimes at Midnight, in which Welles plays John Falstaff, is "arguably his best film, and his own personal favorite";[7] Joseph McBride and Jonathan Rosenbaum have called it Welles's masterpiece, and Vincent Canby wrote "it may be the greatest Shakespearean film ever made."[8]. Benamou, Catherine, "It's All True". [54], Beginning January 1, 1938, Caesar was performed in repertory with The Shoemaker's Holiday; both productions moved to the larger National Theatre. Net Worth 2020. [citation needed], In 1984, Welles wrote the screenplay for a film he planned to direct, an autobiographical drama about the 1937 staging of The Cradle Will Rock. In a last-minute move, Welles announced to waiting ticket-holders that the show was being transferred to the Venice, 20 blocks away. They openly appeared together in New York while Welles was directing the Mercury stage production Native Son. 1999: The American Film Institute acknowledged Welles as one of the top 25 male motion picture stars of Classic Hollywood cinema in its survey, 2002: Welles was voted the greatest film director of all time in two, 2002: A highly divergent genus of Hawaiian spiders, 2007: A statue of Welles sculpted by Oja Kodar was installed in the city of. [45]:3 The company for the first production, an adaptation of William Shakespeare's Macbeth with an entirely African-American cast, numbered 150. David Thomson writes of Welles's Othello, "the poetry hangs in the air, like sea mist or incense." Welles was thoroughly briefed in Washington, D.C., immediately before his departure for Brazil, and film scholar Catherine L. Benamou, a specialist in Latin American affairs, finds it "not unlikely" that he was among the goodwill ambassadors who were asked to gather intelligence for the U.S. government in addition to their cultural duties. Welles was born in 1915 to an inventor father and a pianist mother. [52]:34 It was followed by an adaptation of Dr. Faustus that used light as a prime unifying scenic element in a nearly black stage, presented January 8 May 9, 1937, at Maxine Elliott's Theatre. Bogdanovich and Marshall planned to complete Welles's nearly finished film in Los Angeles, aiming to have it ready for screening on May 6, 2015, the 100th anniversary of Welles's birth. He is considered to be among the greatest and most influential filmmakers of all time.[1]. In 1998, Walter Murch reedited the film according to Welles's specifications in his memo. As the process went on, Welles gradually voiced all of the characters himself and provided narration. Welles worked in film, radio, and theater. [35]:19, A public memorial tribute[29]:593 took place November 2, 1985, at the Directors Guild of America Theater in Los Angeles. Intended as a modest thriller, the budget skyrocketed after Cohn suggested that Welles's then-estranged second wife Rita Hayworth co-star. Director Herbert Wilcox offered Welles the part of the murdered victim in Trent's Last Case, based on the novel by E. C. Bentley. "[165][f] The couple separated in December 1939[29]:226 and were divorced on February 1, 1940. In 1942 RKO Pictures underwent major changes under new management. In the mid-1950s, Welles began work on Don Quixote, initially a commission from CBS television. Bernard Herrmann wrote some of the score but demanded his name be removed from the credits after the film was edited. [26]:361362, Welles did not originally want to direct It's All True, a 1942 documentary about South America, but after its abandonment by RKO, he spent much of the 1940s attempting to buy the negative of his material from RKO, so that he could edit and release it in some form. In his 2011 autobiography, Lindsay-Hogg reported that his questions were resolved by his mother's close friend Gloria Vanderbilt, who wrote that Fitzgerald had told her that Welles was his father. Dressed in a Navy blue jacket with a sky blue shirt and an ascot, Welles says that not long . In Hong Kong, he co-starred with Curt Jrgens in Lewis Gilbert's film Ferry to Hong Kong. The name was inspired by the title of the iconoclastic magazine The American Mercury. [45]:83[60]. The film relates the efforts of a film director (played by John Huston) to complete his last Hollywood picture and is largely set at a lavish party. "Both Welles and Leaming talked of Welles's life, and the segment was a nostalgic interlude," wrote biographer Frank Brady. It was his first job as a writer-director for radio,[26]:338 the radio debut of the Mercury Theatre, and one of Welles's earliest and finest achievements. Charvet, David, "Orson Welles and The Mercury Wonder Show". Known for his baritone voice,[12] Welles performed extensively across theatre, radio, and film. He often also took on other work to obtain money to fund his own films. Hill provided Welles with an ad hoc educational environment that proved invaluable to his creative experience, allowing Welles to concentrate on subjects that interested him. The title of this episode is "The Police". He said that Hitler made no impression on him at all and does not remember him. It's wasn't thatnot that at all. It was created as a relief measure to employ artists, writers, directors and theatre workers. Welles briefly returned to America to make his first appearance on television, starring in the Omnibus presentation of King Lear, broadcast live on CBS October 18, 1953. [67]:111 RKO chief George Schaefer received a cash offer from MGM's Louis B. Mayer and other major studio executives if he would destroy the negative and existing prints of the film. Journal, Mail Call, Nazi Eyes on Canada, Stage Door Canteen and Treasury Star Parade. Actor, producer and genius Orson Welles and wealthy playboy Prince Aly . Orson Welles gets documentary tribute from Netflix | CNN Eartha Kitt's life was scarred by her failure to learn the identity of In the below table, you will find the height of Orson Welles in Meter, Centimeter, and Feet Inche, & the weight in KG and Pound. [82]:65 With filming of "My Friend Bonito" about two-thirds complete, Welles decided he could shift the geography of It's All True and incorporate Flaherty's story into an omnibus film about Latin Americasupporting the Roosevelt administration's Good Neighbor policy, which Welles strongly advocated. She declined to be interviewed by Barbara Leaming for a 1989 . Cohn ordered extensive editing and re-shoots. The film cans would remain in a lost-and-found locker at the hotel for several decades, where they were discovered in 1986, after Welles's death. [27][28], After his mother's death, Welles ceased pursuing music. [182]:19 Welles said that a voice specialist once told him he was born to be a heldentenor, a heroic tenor, but that when he was young and working at the Gate Theatre in Dublin, he forced his voice down into a bass-baritone. Only through our love and friendship can we create the illusion for the moment that we're not alone.". For the Massachusetts businessman Orson Wells, see, Welles with his mother, Beatrice Ives Welles, From left, Houseman, Edwin Denby and Welles at a rehearsal of, At age 22 Welles was Broadway's youngest impresario producing, directing and starring in an adaptation of, Welles as the octogenarian Captain Shotover in the Mercury Theatre production of, Welles and Col. Arthur I. Ennis, head of the public relations branch of the. He then had a relationship with Rita Hayworth, whom he married in 1943. 5. Orson Welles FAQs: Facts, Rumors, Birthdate, Net Worth, Sexual Orientation and much more! This was made during one weekend at the Hackney Empire theater. There wasn't anything seen or heard in any scene that wasn't there because Orson wanted it that way, but he was never dictatorial. Whilst Sidney Toler and Orson Welles may have been the first famous residents, future owners included Rita Hayworth, Frank Sinatra, Barbara Streisand, and David Bowie. The Orson Welles Cinema remained in operation until 1986, with Welles making a personal appearance there in 1977. [10] In 1998, Walter Murch reedited the film according to Welles's specifications. [22], Despite his family's affluence, Welles encountered hardship in childhood. Achtsam Morden. [26]:332 "Regardless of his later comments, the two were very much in love," wrote biographer Patrick McGilligan, "and she was his salvation. At the ceremony, Welles screened two scenes from the nearly finished The Other Side of the Wind. Drawn by the numerous offers he received to work in television and films, and upset by a tabloid scandal reporting his affair with Kodar, Welles abandoned the editing of Don Quixote and moved back to America in 1970. Several original Mercury actors returned for the series, as well as Bernard Herrmann. He is from WI. Members of the U.S. armed forces were admitted free of charge, while the general public had to pay. [29]:368[106] A half-hour variety show broadcast January 26 July 19, 1944, on the Columbia Pacific Network, The Orson Welles Almanac presented sketch comedy, magic, mindreading, music and readings from classic works. According to sources, it is estimated that the amount of Orson Welles' net worth, as of early 2017, would exceed the sum of $20 million, acquired through his career in the moviemaking industry which was active between 1931 and his death. RKO took control of Ambersons and edited the film into what the studio considered a commercial format. [13] In 2002, he was voted the greatest film director of all time in two British Film Institute polls among directors and critics. She died of Alzheimer's disease in her Central Park West apartment in Manhattan in May 1987 when she was 68 years old. [32], "Todd provided Welles with many valuable experiences," wrote critic Richard France. Orson Welles (arms raised) rehearses his radio depiction of H.G. Based loosely on several episodes of the Harry Lime radio show, it stars Welles as a billionaire who hires a man to delve into the secrets of his past. Orson Welles gets belated respect in twin tribute from Netflix, stitching together his unfinished movie 'The Other Side of the Wind,' plus documentary 'They'll Love Me When I'm Dead' [81]:41,246 In this revised concept, "The Story of Jazz" was replaced by the story of samba, a musical form with a comparable history and one that came to fascinate Welles. Died At Age: 70. [223], Ada or Ardor: A Family Chronicle was an adaptation of Vladimir Nabokov's novel. 66, In a 1983 conversation with his friend Roger Hill, Welles recalled: "During a White House dinner, when I was campaigning for Roosevelt, in a toast, with considerable tongue in cheek, he said, 'Orson, you and I are the two greatest actors alive today.' Welles had three marriages, including one with Rita Hayworth, and three children. [35]:7172, Following graduation from Todd in May 1931,[30]:3 Welles was awarded a scholarship to Harvard College, while his mentor Roger Hill advocated he attend Cornell College in Iowa. [6]:6 Among Welles's notable roles in films by other directors are Rochester in Jane Eyre (1943), Harry Lime in The Third Man (1949) and Cardinal Wolsey in A Man for All Seasons (1966). The next night, Welles brought out a kitchen sink. Salmans, Sandra, "Many Stars Are Playing Pitchmen with No Regrets". A photograph of the grave site appears opposite the title page of. It was reissued in 1990 as With Orson Welles: Stories of a Life in Film. He died when Orson was 13. [81]:119120, Mercury Productions purchased the stories for two other segments"My Friend Bonito" and "The Captain's Chair"from documentary filmmaker Robert J. Welles then goes on to give other examples of police being given more power and authority than is necessary. Welles hosted a British syndicated anthology series, Orson Welles's Great Mysteries, during the 197374 television season. [29]:549550 A brief private funeral was attended by Paola Mori and Welles's three daughtersthe first time they had ever been together. [67]:12 After signing a summary agreement with RKO on July 22, Welles signed a full-length 63-page contract August 21, 1939. [25]:7, On December 28, 1930, when Welles was 15, his father died of heart and kidney failure at the age of 58, alone in a hotel in Chicago. "The whole estate is about as mixed up as an estate can get." - The Magnificent Ambersons By RAY KELLY. . Orson was born to Beatrice Ives who was a pianist, and Richard Head . "Don't worry about money on your way up," Welles once told actress . He approached the War Assistance League of Southern California and proposed a show that evolved into a big-top spectacle, part circus and part magic show. Welles was placed on the U.S. Treasury payroll on May 15, 1944, as an expert consultant for the duration of the war, with a retainer of $1 a year. [119][120], In the fall of 1945 Welles began work on The Stranger (1946), a film noir drama about a war crimes investigator who tracks a high-ranking Nazi fugitive to an idyllic New England town. Unfortunately, funding disappeared after one day's shooting. It was planned in extreme detail and some test shots were filmed; the footage is now lost. As an inside joke, Welles included a shot of a newspaper called the Indianapolis Daily Inquirer with a column titled "Stage Views" by Jed Leland. [83]:192 He spoke on topics ranging from Shakespeare to visual art at gatherings of Brazil's elite, and his two intercontinental radio broadcasts in April 1942 were particularly intended to tell U.S. audiences that President Vargas was a partner with the Allies. Signature. He offered his services as magician and director,[99]:40 and invested some $40,000 of his own money in an extravaganza he co-produced with his friend Joseph Cotten: The Mercury Wonder Show for Service Men. Don't you see? He remained aligned with left-wing politics and the American Left throughout his life,[188] and always defined his political orientation as "progressive". Welles's death forced this minor character to largely be written out of the series. Oct. 11, 1985 12 AM PT. Welles must have picked up some of his mother's talent, as he also could play the piano. The industry accused Welles of underplaying Mankiewicz's contribution to the script, but Welles countered the attacks by saying, "At the end, naturally, I was the one making the picture, after allwho had to make the decisions. He has also been included in the list of the 50 greatest Hollywood actors of all time by "The Daily Telegraph.". He was the first and remains the greatest. [45]:77 Between 1935 and 1937 he was earning as much as $2,000 a week, shuttling between radio studios at such a pace that he would arrive barely in time for a quick scan of his lines before he was on the air. [26]:373, Hello Americans, a CBS Radio series broadcast November 15, 1942 January 31, 1943, was produced, directed and hosted by Welles under the auspices of the Office of the Coordinator for Inter-American Affairs. A woman struggling to raise her daughter becomes involved in a dangerous racketeering scheme after taking a job at a failing pharmaceutical start-up. "[17], George Orson Welles was born May 6, 1915, in Kenosha, Wisconsin, a son of Richard Head Welles (18721930)[18]:26[19][a] and Beatrice Ives Welles (ne Beatrice Lucy Ives; 18831924). Commentaries was a political vehicle for him, continuing the themes from his New York Post column. Mank's William Randolph Hearst: Wife, Mistress, Net Worth, Death "Every word in the film was to be from the Bibleno original dialogue, but done as a sort of American primitive," Welles said, "set in the frontier country in the last century." Orson Welles Net Worth, Achievements and Fashionable Lifestyle However, both Hefner and Shepherd became convinced that Bogdanovich himself would be a more commercially viable director than Welles and insisted that Bogdanovich take over. Jack Nicholson, Robert Redford, Warren Beatty, Clint Eastwood, Burt Reynolds and Paul Newman turned down the role for various reasons. [162] He also, in this penultimate year released a music single, titled "I Know What It Is to Be Young (But You Don't Know What It Is to Be Old)", which he recorded under Italian label Compagnia Generale del Disco. Welles admired Nabokov's Ada or Ardor: A Family Chronicle and initiated a film project of the same title in collaboration with the author. "[134] The movie premiered at the Cannes Film Festival, where it won the Grand Prix (precursor of the Palme d'or).[135]. Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs, influence of the Axis powers in Latin America, Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs, United Nations Conference on International Organization, Welles/Houseman Negro Theatre stage adaptation, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, It's All True: Based on an Unfinished Film by Orson Welles, his own award-winning film version of the book, American Film Institute Lifetime Achievement Award, Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word or Non-Musical Album, Los Angeles Film Critics Association Career Achievement Award, Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Recording, Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature, The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay, Magician: The Astonishing Life and Work of Orson Welles, "Orson Welles is Dead at 70; Innovator of Film and Stage", "List-o-Mania, or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love American Movies", "The Quest to Find the Lost Print of The Magnificent Ambersons", "Sight & Sound |Top Ten Poll 2002 The Directors' Top Ten Directors", "Sight & Sound |Top Ten Poll 2002 The Critics' Top Ten Directors", "The 50 greatest actors from Hollywood's Golden Age", "Chicago Musicians Mourn Passing of Mrs. Welles", "When Orson Welles was recommended to Cornell College", "Orson Welles writes the Introduction to Everybody's Shakespeare in the North Atlantic", "Orson Welles' World, and We're Just Living in It: A Conversation with Norman Lloyd", "The spoof in Georgia: Evocative of the 'War of the Worlds? Paola Mori Net Worth Net Worth List In 1955, Welles married actress Paola Mori (ne Countess Paola di Gerfalco), an Italian aristocrat who starred as Raina Arkadin in his 1955 film, Mr. Arkadin. [154] Again, Welles bowed out of the project due to creative differences and William Conrad was cast in the role. Some months later the show was called The Mercury Theatre on the Air. [64] The myth of the result created by the combination was reported as fact around the world and disparagingly mentioned by Adolf Hitler in a public speech.[65]. Not known Orson Welles Salary Detail. Orson Welles was born on May 6, 1915 in Kenosha, WI. On October 28, 2014, Los Angeles-based production company Royal Road Entertainment announced it had negotiated an agreement, with the assistance of producer Frank Marshall, and would purchase the rights to complete and release The Other Side of the Wind. He accumulated an estimated net worth of $20 million during his career. Jack Benny estate is worth $5,852,000; amount disclosed in appraisal submitted to Superior Ct Judge Pearce Young; 1729 Stradivarius violin, valued at $46,750, is left to Los .Angeles Symphony Orch (S) In 1956, Welles completed Portrait of Gina. Michael Ochs Archives/Getty Images. [82]:234 A restored and reconstructed version of the film, made by using the original script and composer's notes, premiered at pre-opening ceremonies of the 72nd Venice International Film Festival, alongside Othello, in 2015.[200]. Given a limited amount of black-and-white film stock and a silent camera, he was able to finish shooting the episode about the jangadeiros, but RKO refused to support further production on the film. Rafaelic, Daniel and Rizmaul, Leon, "Druga strana Wellesa", 2005. Greene credited the speech to Welles.[132]. "He was a brilliant and innovative man, and he milked it for all it was worth," Landis says. [58]:46, In July 1937, the Mutual Network gave Welles a seven-week series to adapt Les Misrables. RKO cut more than forty minutes of footage and added a happy ending, against Welles's wishes. As his contract with Campbell came to an end, Welles chose not to sign on for another season. When provided, we also incorporate private tips and feedback received from the celebrities or their representatives. Salary 2020. Louis and WSMW/Boston. As per our current Database, Orson Welles died on Oct 10, 1985 (age 70). He continued shooting Don Quixote in Spain and Italy, but replaced Mischa Auer with Francisco Reiguera, and resumed acting jobs. The singer, who died in 2008, wept when she set eyes on the certificate in 1998, only to find that her father's name had been blacked out, said Shapiro, her only child, who had accompanied her mother. The legal disputes kept the film in its unfinished state until early 2017 and it was finally released in November 2018. [222] Tim Robbins wrote and directed a 1999 historical drama film that fictionalizes the true events. [220], In 1978 Welles was lined up by his long-time protg Peter Bogdanovich (who was then acting as Welles's de facto agent) to direct Saint Jack, an adaptation of the 1973 Paul Theroux novel about an American pimp in Singapore. At the old firehouse in Woodstock, he also shot his first film, an eight-minute short titled, The Hearts of Age. It became the job of American radio to emphasize their common experience and essential unity. In 1984, Welles narrated the short-lived television series Scene of the Crime. Chris Welles Feder later described the funeral as an awful experience. . The unrealized project was revisited by Welles in the 1950s, when he wrote a second unfilmed screenplay, to be shot in Egypt. He performed small supporting roles in subsequent Gate productions, and he produced and designed productions of his own in Dublin. Scene changes were achieved by lighting alone. Unraveling the complex Estate of Orson Welles; court records reveal It also features Anne Baxter as Lucy Morgan, Dolores Costello as Isabel Anderson Minafer, Tim Holt as George Amberson Minafer and Richard Bennett as Major Amberson. His last film appearance was in Henry Jaglom's 1987 independent film Someone to Love, released two years after his death but produced before his voice-over in Transformers: The Movie. He was 91. He said that he had no personality at all: "He was invisible. [192] He was in Europe during the height of the Red Scare, thereby adding one more reason for the Hollywood establishment to ostracize him. [18]:4748[82]:311 As presented by Charles Higham in a genealogical chart that introduces his 1985 biography of Welles, Orson Welles's father was Richard Head Welles (born Wells), son of Richard Jones Wells, son of Henry Hill Wells (who had an uncle named Gideon Wells), son of William Hill Wells, son of Richard Wells (17341801). because at that time the Russian author moved from America to Europe. Welles co-wrote, produced and directed the film, and he performed the lead role. In 1961, Welles directed In the Land of Don Quixote, a series of eight half-hour episodes for the Italian television network RAI. [18]:37 An alternative story of the source of his first and middle names was told by George Ade, who met Welles's parents on a West Indies cruise toward the end of 1914. Hard to Be a God. By summer 1949, when he was 34, his weight had crept up to a stout 230 pounds (100kg). Though Welles was fluent in Italian, the network was not interested in him providing Italian narration because of his accent, and the series sat unreleased until 1964, by which time the network had added Italian narration of its own. Working again for a British producer, Welles played Long John Silver in director John Hough's Treasure Island (1972), an adaptation of the Robert Louis Stevenson novel, which had been the second story broadcast by The Mercury Theatre on the Air in 1938. [40], In 1933, Roger and Hortense Hill invited Welles to a party in Chicago, where Welles met Thornton Wilder. The following year, Welles starred as Harry Lime in Carol Reed's The Third Man, alongside Joseph Cotten, his friend and co-star from Citizen Kane, with a script by Graham Greene and a memorable score by Anton Karas. He just went ahead and performed them. In 1934, Welles married Chicago-born actress and socialite Virginia Nicolson. As his theater company was growing in success, Welles continued working extensively in radio and created a radio version of his theater company "The Mercury Theatre on the Air." [6]:320 In that year, legal complications over the ownership of the film put the negative into a Paris vault. Many of his films were either heavily edited or remained unreleased; after Welles went to South America to film the documentary It's All True, RKO cut more than forty minutes from Ambersons and added a happier ending, against his wishes. A small private funeral followed, which was attended by close family and friends. Wells novel "The War of the Worlds". orson welles autopsy It was abandoned altogether in 1973, perhaps due to the death of its star Laurence Harvey. The company opened with a production of "Caesar" in 1937, and adaptation of "Julius Caesar.". [19][20]:9[b] He was named after one of his great-grandfathers, influential Kenosha attorney Orson S. Head, and his brother George Head. Flaherty. Airing August 29, 1942, on the Blue Network, the program was presented in cooperation with the United States Department of the Treasury, Western Union (which wired bond subscriptions free of charge) and the American Women's Voluntary Services. The last film roles before Welles's death included voice work in the animated films Enchanted Journey (1984) and the animated film The Transformers: The Movie (1986), in which he provided the voice for the planet-eating supervillain Unicron. "[38], After his father's death, Welles traveled to Europe using a small portion of his inheritance. His death was "caused by complications from a nocturnal seizure" related to a car accident and resulting injury when he was younger. [188], Welles's political activities were reported on pages 155157 of Red Channels, the anti-Communist publication that, in part, fueled the already flourishing Hollywood Blacklist. "For the most part, however, Welles was singularly generous to the other members of his cast and inspired loyalty from them above and beyond the call of professionalism. An excerpt of Welles's 1930s War of the Worlds broadcast was recreated for this film; however, none of the dialogue heard in the film actually matches what was originally broadcast. During Episode 3 of Sketchbook, Welles makes a deliberate attack on the abuse of police powers around the world. Like. Unable to find network interest, the pilot was never broadcast. "I was guilt-ridden about my civilian status. Welles's next turn as director was the film Mr. Arkadin (1955), which was produced by his political mentor from the 1940s, Louis Dolivet. This impromptu performance was well received by its audience. [82]:298299[198][j][k]. It is also thought that he may have had a son, British director Michael Lindsay-Hogg, with Irish actress Geraldine Fitzgerald, but this rumor has never been officially confirmed. [81]:41,328[83]:189, Welles's own expectations for the film were modest. Orson Welles was an American actor, director, writer, and producer who had a net worth equal to $20 million at the time of his death in 1985, after adjusting for inflation. We have estimated Orson Welles's net worth, money, salary, income, and assets. In 2004, director Peter Bogdanovich, who acted in the film, announced his intention to complete the production. Originally only hired as an actor, Welles was promoted to director by Universal Studios at the insistence of Heston. After completing this film, he appeared in a brief cameo as Cardinal Wolsey in Fred Zinnemann's adaptation of A Man for All Seasonsa role for which he won considerable acclaim. producers ambiguously concluded that story arc by having one character accuse another of having hired an actor to portray Robin Masters. Harry Alan Towers offered Welles another series, The Black Museum, which ran for 52 weeks with Welles as host and narrator. [56], On April 6, 1938, during a production of Caesar, Orson Welles accidentally stabbed Joseph Holland with a steel knife during Act 3 Scene 1 where Brutus betrays Caesar, a real knife being used for the way it dramatically caught light during the scene.

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