lack of mental health services in el salvador

res. Shelter was a major concern for people shackled outdoors without a roof over their heads, protection from the sun or rain, and with constant exposure to mosquitoes and pests. 14(1)(b); CRPD Committee, Statement on article 14 of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, September 2014, http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=15183&LangID=E#sthash.ErjRRg0s.9wBvLiwR.dpuf (accessed August 12, 2020). CHEYENNE - Health care advocates told legislators Friday that a lack of mental health resources, such as emergency centers, infrastructure, staff and funding has caused crisis care gaps in Wyoming. In some healing centers, people were allowed to bathe once a day using a hose in their rooms. 108(e); United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights, adopted October 2005, SHS/EST/05/CONF.204/3 REV, arts. The number of new jobs and the unemployment rate are regularly cited in the news, but theyre just part of the picture. But even as psychologists seek a broader impact, says Cbar Cataln, its important to remember that the trauma and disenfranchisement driving Central Americans north are deeply personal. Of all sectors of health care, mental health is best equipped to stand against racism. The CRPD establishes the right of all persons with disabilities to live in the community, with choices equal to others, and obligates governments to take the appropriate measures to ensure their full inclusion and participation in the community. [23] Consequently, instead of walking a short distance to a primary health center, families may have to give up a days work to travel to reach a psychiatric hospital. Portland students sat down with U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Xavier Becerra at Faubion K-8 in Northeast Portland Monday to discuss youth mental health. [78] Human Rights Watch interview with a lawyer, Nuevo Len DIF, Monterrey, Mexico, April 11, 2019. Res. I really wanted to help my aunty but couldnt. I stay in a small room with seven men. [44] Human Rights Watch interview with Carlos [not his real name], man with a psychosocial disability, Maputo, Mozambique, November 20, 2019. [109] "Indonesia: Shackling Reduced, But Persists," Human Rights Watch news release, October 2, 2018, https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/10/02/indonesia-shackling-reduced-persists. But once he was admitted, his wife really began to worry. The lack of constitutional guarantees or specific protection mechanisms for LGBTI people in El Salvador has fostered systematic and institutionalized violence and discrimination against them. [103], In some cases, people are shackled to each other, forcing them to go to the toilet, bathe, eat, or sleep together. If we want to save lives, save families and save futures we must reimagine our behavioral health system and take concrete steps to improving consumers ability to find the care they need, when they need it, and on their terms., Despite Strong Demand for Mental Health Services, Common Barriers Remain. hospital bed.[60]. In January 2017, the Indonesian Health Ministry rolled out Program Indonesia Sehat dengan Pendekatan Keluarga (Healthy Indonesia Program with Family Approach), a community outreach program in which health workers use a family-based approach, going house to house to collect data, raise awareness, and provide services relating to 12 measures of family health, including mental health. Mental Health Services. [19] UN, Policy Brief: COVID-19 and the Need for Action on Mental Health, May 13, 2020, https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/un_policy_brief-covid_and_mental_health_final.pdf (accessed June 22, 2020), p. 5; The World Bank, Mental Health, https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/mental-health; WHO, Mental disorders, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-disorders; see also Rudi Eggers (WHO Kenya Representative) statement in Kenya launches initiative to promote mental health for citizens, Xinhua, November 21, 2019, http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-11/21/c_138573442.htm (accessed June 17, 2020). In many healing centers, in countries such as Nigeria and Indonesia, men, women, and children were chained next to each other, leaving them no option to escape if they encountered abuse from staff or other chained individuals. 16; ACRWC, art. [105] Yulia Gorbunova, Held in Chains in Russia, commentary, Human Rights Watch dispatch, August 8, 2017, https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/08/08/held-chains-russia. Persons with psychosocial disabilities experience physical abuse if they try to run away from institutions or dont obey the staff. Acceptability refers to the need to adhere to ethical standards, including the principle of confidentiality and informed consent. About 80 percent of people with disabilities live in middle or low-income countries where it is often challenging to access healthcare, particularly mental health care. The limited human and material resources available are concentrated in the respective country capital cities. In addition, compared to Americans living in urban and suburban areas, individuals living in rural areas are less likely to proactively seek mental health specialists they need, and instead go to their primary care doctor or community center for treatment. Although it is noteworthy that some governments have put in place measures to tackle the practice of shackling, their laws and policies are not always effectively implemented, and on-the-ground monitoring remains weak overall. 10. [45] Human Rights Watch interview with Dr. Kafayah Ogunsola, psychiatrist, Lagos, September 26, 2018; Karoon, What is the state of mental health in Thailand?, post to Pacific Prime Thailand (blog),June 24, 2019, https://www.pacificprime.co.th/blog/state-of-mental-health-in-thailand/(accessed March 23, 2020); Melinda Benjamin, The Promotion of Mental Health Awareness in Cambodia, Borgen Magazine,August 1, 2019,https://www.borgenmagazine.com/mental-health-awareness-in-cambodia/(accessed March 19, 2020); Nivendra Uduman, Mental Health and Stigma in Sri Lanka, post to Ground Views (blog), February 19, 2018, https://groundviews.org/2018/02/19/mental-health-and-stigma-in-sri-lanka/ (accessed March 23, 2020); Mark Tilly,TV series to fight mental health stigma, Khmer Times, August 25, 2017,https://www.khmertimeskh.com/79742/tv-series-fight-mental-health-stigma/(accessed March 19, 2020); Human Rights Watch, We Are Also Dying of AIDS, https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/zambia0714_ForUpload_1.pdf, p.16; A. Allen,andE.Green,Discrimination and Stigmatization of People with Epilepsy in Zambia: The Need for Integration of Social, Healthcare, and Policy Reform, Southern African Institutefor Policy and Research,August 19, 2013, http://saipar.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Allen-and-Green_Discrimination-and-Stigmitisation_Final-DraftCorrected.pdf (accessed April 2, 2020); Jane Chung,Disabled South Koreans Protect Inhumane Benefits System, Reuters, October25, 2012, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-korea-disabled/disabled-south-koreans-protest-inhumane-benefits-system-idUSBRE89O05X20121025 (accessed March 23, 2020); International Federation for Human Rights and Taiwan Association for Human Rights,The Hidden Face of Taiwan: Lessons learnt from the ICCPR/ICESCR review process,April2013,https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/51e799594.pdf(accessed March 23, 2020); M. Bari Qasem Saleh and A. Mohamed Makki,Mental Health in Yemen: Obstacles and Challenges, International Psychiatry,5.4(2008),https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/2F6080907180CF8B9BE1296B6C9D0360/S1749367600002277a.pdf/div-class-title-mental-health-in-yemen-obstacles-and-challenges-div.pdf(accessed March 18, 2020), pp. 1, Equal recognition before the law, U.N. Doc. In Tanzania, Malaki, a boy with an intellectual disability was chained to a pole by his family to ensure he remained safe in his home in Nyarugusu refugee camp in Kigoma province in Tanzania in 2017. Once the person is committed to an institution, they have no right to appeal or leave until the institution discharges them. Human Rights Watch visit to Holy Ghost Coptic Church of Africa, Kisumu, February 18, 2020. Provide adequate food, shelter, and health services to people with psychosocial disabilities. There are currently 10 Steven A. Cohen Military Family Clinics nationwide. It made me sad [to chain him]. The World Health Organization's new Mental Health Atlas paints a disappointing picture of a worldwide failure to provide people with the mental health services they need, at a time when the COVID-19 pandemic is highlighting a growing need for mental health support.The latest edition of the Atlas, which includes data from 171 countries, provides a clear indication that the increased attention . In 2019 at Adwumu Woho Herbal and Spiritual Centre in Senya Beraku, Ghana, about 60 kilometers from the capital, Accra, several men who were shackled and arbitrarily detained shouted out to a Human Rights Watch researcher: Help us get out of the chains. Establish independent and confidential complaints systems that receive and investigate complaints, including ill-treatment of persons with psychosocial disabilities in institutions. [68] In the Greater Accra Region, there are an estimated 70 prayer camps. [79] Human Rights Watch interview with Aisha [not her real name], family member, Gaza, February 15, 2020. [27] WHO, Psychiatrists and nurses (per 100 000 population), undated, https://www.who.int/gho/mental_health/human_resources/psychiatrists_nurses/en/ (accessed June 17, 2020). The Black community, in particular, is affected by mental health, often due to: Lack of health insurance. [144] The CRPD has been ratified by 181 countries around the world. The response time is often less than ideal because of the heavy traffic in San Salvador. Celina de Sola, Glasswing's co-founder, says people in these places, where violence is endemic, urgently need help. Despite being easy to diagnose, there is a lack of mental health experts to treat these illnesses in Mexico. 39/46, annex, 39 U.N. GAOR Supp. When it comes to seeking mental health care, the Latinx community has always struggled with stigmaboth in and outside of the United States. In one center in northern Nigeria, Human Rights Watch found a dozen people who showed researchers scars on their arms, chests, and backs that they said were from floggings by staff. Existing mental health services are often under-utilized or do not comply with international human rights standards because of limited understanding and awareness of mental health. In Kenya, which launched in November 2019, almost 3,260 people have enrolled and around 732 have completed the training. It is mostly practiced in non-medical settings, by families, a faith healer, or non-medical staff, often in the absence of support or mental health services. [146], International and regional human rights law expressly prohibits discrimination and requires parties to these conventions to take steps to eliminate all forms of discrimination against individuals, including persons with disabilities. Some families also use shackling as a way to prevent or control a certain behavior they find disruptive. [147] Non-discrimination is one of the cardinal principles on which the CRPD is grounded. Marylin Beckley, a licensed professional counselor and doctoral student in the international psychology program at the Chicago School of Professional Psychology in Washington, D.C., works with IJM in Guatemala, El Salvador and other Latin American countries. Mental healthcare is especially difficult due to lingering social stigmas and scarcity of services. [145] African [Banjul] Charter on Human and Peoples Rights (ACHPR), adopted June 27, 1981, OAU Doc. To be a young person in El Salvador, Guatemala or Honduras is extremely stressful, he says. Anna-Catherine Brigida reports from San Salvador about a group of ambulance workers on how they cope with the In some cases, the children were fully wrapped in bandages, duct tape or clothing, like mummies. MOUNT VERNON BroadbandOhio, a division of the Ohio Department of Development, announced last week the selection of OCHIN as a statewide telehealth administrator to help expand crucial healthcare services for Ohio's K-12 students. [101] Ghana: Faith Healers Defy Ban on Chaining, Human Rights Watch news release, November 27, 2019, https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/11/27/ghana-faith-healers-defy-ban-chaining. 2(1); CEDAW, art. In Honduras, a population of nearly 9 million relies on just 185 mental health professionals, and in El Salvador, 225 mental health workers serve more than 6 million people (Mental Health Atlas Country Profiles, World Health Organization, 2017). Rodriguez supports the Shelter City Network, which relocates human rights defenders forced to move because of threats to their safety and provides psychotherapeutic treatment to Honduran survivors of torture, sexual violence and other crimes as they seek recourse through national and international justice systems. Bilingual patients are evaluated differently when evaluated in English versus Spanish, and Latinx/Hispanic people are more frequently undertreated than whites. It requires governments to recognize that people with disabilities are persons before the law who enjoy legal capacity on an equal basis with others in all aspects of life. In Nigeria, Human Rights Watch visited 28 facilities in 8 states and the Federal Capital Territory between 2018 and 2019, across which a few hundred people were arbitrarily detained, and where people were regularly chained or shackled. 171, entered into force March 23, 1976; International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), adopted December 16, 1966, G.A. According to the latest available global estimates, 792 million people or 10.7 percent of the global population has a mental health condition. Many had old and leaking roofing. [55] In some countries, Human Rights Watch also found evidence of people with intellectual disabilities being shackled. [99] Human Rights Watch interview with Archbishop Danokech, Archbishop at the Holy Ghost Coptic Church of Africa, Kisumu, Kenya, February 18, 2020. Human Rights Watch calls on the international community and national governments to ban shackling, adopt measures to reduce stigma against people with psychosocial disabilities, and develop adequate, voluntary, and community-based mental health services. This report includes research and testimonies collected by 16 Human Rights Watch researchers in their own countries. Often an extension of the faith healers house or situated within the compound of a church, temple, shrine, mosque, or religious school, these sometimes rudimentary centers primarily cater to individuals with alleged spiritual problems such as bewitchment or possession by the devil or jinn (evil spirits); lack of faith; perceived or real mental health conditions; drug use or deviant behavior, including skipping school, smoking tobacco or marijuana, being greedy, or stealing. [177], The CRPD further provides that health information be accessible to persons with disabilities and that the delivery of health services not discriminate on the basis of disability. [69] In 2019, large prayer camps such as Mount Horeb detained dozens of people in chains. And throughout the Northern Triangle, sexual assault, murder, and drug and human trafficking are common, with perpetrators emboldened by judicial delays and corruption that essentially result in impunity. [143] Standing unified with refugees at a time of crisis, sportanddev.org, September 21, 2020 (accessed September 28, 2020). Faith healers in Ghana, Indonesia, Kenya, and Nigeria reported sharing the little food available among all the residents, especially because some families did not provide food for their relatives, and prayer camps and institutions said they did not have the resources to buy enough food for everyone. [56] Any criticism of faith-based institutions is not linked to their religious roots or spiritual nature. Federal tax ID#: 13-3433452. (EIN 23-7092671), 1400 K Street NW, Suite 400 According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, one in five American adults have experienced a mental health issue, and one in 20 Americans live with a serious mental illness, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depression. 16) at 52, U.N. Doc. CRPD/C/GC/1 (2014), http://daccess-ods.un.org/access.nsf/Get?Open&DS=CRPD/C/GC/1&Lang=E, para. There are only 4,600 psychiatrists, 60% of them are in Mexico City, the state of Mexico, Jalisco, and Nuevo Len. Our research indicates that most people want to work to support their families and send their children to school, says M. Brinton Lykes, PhD, a professor of community-cultural psychology and co-director of the Center for Human Rights and International Justice at Boston College. Although mental illness is widespread- 25% of adults in developed countries experience significant mental health problems each year- the treatment is outdated and lacking. Travel restrictions have since been lifted but outpatient consultations at hospitals and health units remain suspended. [81] UNHRC, Report of the Special Rapporteur on rights of persons with disabilities, Catalina Devandas-Aguilar, A/HRC/40/54, https://undocs.org/en/A/HRC/40/54, pp.6, 12. [52] This, in part, contributes to the acute shortage of mental health professionals. So stressful, in fact, that the migration route with all its perils barely registers above the daily pressures children and their families face here.. [138] Until 2018, people with mental health conditions being admitted to the psychiatric hospital were asked to pay for a padlock and chain prior to admission. As a result, the person can be shackled for years or even decades. The ACRWC has been ratified by Benin, Burkina Faso, C. American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR), adopted at the Inter-American Specialized Conference on Human Rights, San Jos, Costa Rica, 22 November 1966. [63], In China, a six-part series by the government-controlled Global Times and Beijing News reported that people with mental health conditions were shackled or locked in cages across the country with approximately 100,000 cage people in the northern Hebei province alone, near Beijing. Mental health shortages range in severity across the country. [14] "Suicide: One Person Dies Every 40 Seconds," WHO news release, September 9, 2019, https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/09-09-2019-suicide-one-person-dies-every-40-seconds (accessed September 22, 2020). Bobele, M., & Slive, A.In Hoyt, M.F., & Talmon, M. Anxiety and depression levels are the lowest since the pandemic began, 48% of Americans are feeling down, depressed, or hopeless during the COVID-19 pandemic, How many teens are vaping? [74] In Togo, prophets can lock up and chain up to 150 people in a single prayer camp. [85] In June 2020, the Ministry of Interior proposed a draft Public Order Law, which will further entrench discrimination against people with psychosocial disabilities as well as against other at-risk groups in society and add to existing deep concerns of the continuing practice of shackling in Cambodia. Mental Wellbeing, www.cohenveteransnetwork.org/AmericasMentalHealth, More than 4 in 10 U.S. But the work situation is so dire that its almost impossible to make a decent living, she says, because of low pay and limited work opportunities. As a result, many governments do not have any data on the number of private institutions in their country, much less the number of people who are detained or shackled in them. A/61/49 (2006), entered into force May 3, 2008; Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, adopted December 13, 2006, G.A. There are currently no coordinated international or regional efforts to eradicate shackling. [125] Nigeria: People With Mental Health Conditions Chained, Abused," Human Rights Watch news release, https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/11/11/nigeria-people-mental-health-conditions-chained-abused. The nation needs an additional 6,398 mental health providers to fill these shortage gaps. CBP data echo the demographic shiftthe majority of migrants detained at the border are now families or unaccompanied children rather than adult men (Recent Migration to the United States From Central America: Frequently Asked Questions, Congressional Research Service, 2019). Human Rights Watch researchers interviewed more than 350 people with psychosocial disabilities, including those who were shackled at the time of research or had been shackled at least once in their lives, and more than 430 family members, caregivers or staff working in institutions, psychiatrists, psychologists, nurses and other mental health professionals, faith healers, lawyers, government officials, representatives of local nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), including organizations of persons with disabilities, and disability rights advocates. A/6316 (1966), 999 U.N.T.S. Please give now to support our work, Share this via Facebook Mental healthcare in the Philippines faces continued challenges including underinvestment, lack of mental health professionals and underdeveloped community mental health services. I eat here once a day. To that end, Garca Rivera works with the Liberation Psychology Intercambio/Exchange, a knowledge exchange program that connects psychologists, therapists, social workers and immigration lawyers from the United States and Central America to engage with psychological theories and practices originating in Latin America. Trade is an important part of the American economy and a key driver of many industries. MSF has continued to operate non-COVID-19 healthcare activities in the two most populated cities, Soyapango and San Salvador, which are now epicenters of the outbreak. A/44/49 (1989), entered into force September 2, 1990, art. Overt commitment by political leaders and building capacity of existing health workers were critical to the success of the chain-free initiative Ridha, a family member with relatives shackled in Oman, said: Its time for governments to step up so that families arent left to cope on their own.. We build the capacity of mental health and substance use treatment organizations. [30] Even when mental health services are free or subsidized, in many countries the distance and transport costs are a significant barrier.[31]. 18 (4) and 28; ACHR, art. To date, about 20 out of Indonesias 34 provincesincluding Central Java, West Nusa Tenggara, East Java, Jambi, Yogyakarta, and Acehhave a functional pasung-free initiative. When the fighting happened, we left him next to the house tied up. Res. Such training includes defining psychological trauma, learning appropriate terminologytrainees are instructed to use the term survivor rather than victimand managing acute distress. The lack of a community-based mental health system continues to. [64] Mentally Ill Confined at Home Due to Lack of Resources and Public Education, Global Times, June 25, 2015, https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/928917.shtml (accessed July 28, 2020); Caged People, The Beijing News, July 11, 2013, http://www.bjnews.com.cn/feature/2013/07/11/272800.html (accessed July 28, 2020); Chinese Healthcare: The Rural Reality, Collective Responsibility, July 23, 2018, https://www.coresponsibility.com/chinese-healthcare-the-rural-reality/ (accessed May 2020); 26-year-old Mentally Disturbed Man in China Locked in Cage by His Parents, Hong Kong Free Press, January 15, 2016, https://www.hongkongfp.com/2016/01/15/26-year-old-mentally-disturbed-man-in-china-locked-in-cage-by-his-parents/ (accessed May 2020); A Mentally Ill Chinese Man Has Been Locked In A Cage By His Family For 11 Years, Business Insider, May 28, 2013, https://www.businessinsider.com/chinese-man-kept-in-cage-for-11-years-2013-5 (accessed July 28, 2020); Chinese Mentally Ill Woman, Chained in Room for Decades by Family, to Get Medical Treatment, South China Morning Post, undated, https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/1815641/chinese-mentally-ill-woman-chained-room-decades-family-get (accessed July 28, 2020). The Maputo Protocol has been ratified by Benin, Burkina Faso, Cte dIvoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, and Zimbabwe; African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACRWC), OAU Doc. [128] Human Rights Watch interview with Tina Mensah, Ghanas deputy health minister, Accra, November 8, 2019. Listening and telling peoples stories is a first step to start humanizing migrants in a society where blaming the victim tends to be the norm., Children on the Run: Unaccompanied Children Leaving Central America and Mexico and the Need for International Protection When the Special Olympics team had Malaki released, he got the opportunity and training to play football. Mental Asylum, The Hindu, January 3, 2019, https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sc-shocked-at-chaining-of-inmates-in-up-mental-asylum/article25901395.ece (accessed August 17, 2020). Of the Americans that have not sought mental health treatment, more than half, or 53%, were in low-income households. In many institutions visited by Human Rights Watch, male staff would enter and exit womens wards or sections at will or were responsible for the womens sections, including at night, which puts women and girls at increased risk of sexual violence, as well as subjects them to a constant feeling of insecurity and fear. Malaki went from playing football in the Nyarugusu camp in Tanzania to the 2019 Special Olympics World Games in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Federal tax ID#: 13-3433452, Mdecins Sans Frontires 2022 Human Rights Watch would also like to thank the many disabled persons organizations, nongovernmental organizations, activists, lawyers, and mental health professionals working in the fields of disability rights and mental health who shared their insights and analyses with us or otherwise provided assistance. [4], Psychosocial disability: The preferred term to describe people with mental health conditions such as depression, bipolar, schizophrenia, and catatonia. 25, 27, 52; I Needed Help, Instead I Was Punished: Abuse and Neglect of Prisoners with Disabilities in Australia, February 2018, https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/02/06/i-needed-help-instead-i-was-punished/abuse-and-neglect-prisoners-disabilities; Living in Hell: Abuses against People with Psychosocial Disabilities in Indonesia, March 2016, https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/indonesia0316web.pdf, pp. QualityRights also focuses on empowering advocates and self-advocates to influence policy-making and push for national legal reforms to meet the standard set by the CRPD. A/810 at 71 (1948), art. Two-thirds of shortage areas are in rural or partially rural parts of the country. MSF is also hearing worrying reports about the situation in some communities in San Salvador and Soyapango. I forgot him. Help us continue to fight human rights abuses. Although mental health professionals had suspected mistreatment at the facility for years, the cases only came to light once video footage was anonymously leaked. 64. may well amount to torture.[161], The CRPD and the African Charter both explicitly prohibit all forms of exploitation, violence, and abuse. As a result, they urinate, defecate, eat, and sleep in a radius of no more than one to two meters. There are no statistics on the scale of shackling at a global level. 69 (1988), signed November 17, 1988. According to WHO, over 10 million children under the age of five who. Since then Ive been living on the streets. [120] In addition, the UN special rapporteur on violence against women has condemned forced psychiatric treatment as a form of violence.[121]. [22] WHO, Mental health: massive scale-up of resources needed if global targets are to be met, June 6, 2018, https://www.who.int/mental_health/evidence/atlas/atlas_2017_web_note/en/ (accessed July 22, 2020). [66] Human Rights Watch, Living in Hell, https://www.hrw.org/report/2016/03/20/living-hell/abuses-against-people-psychosocial-disabilities-indonesia, p. 35; Ministry of Health of Republic of Indonesia, Stop Stigma and Discrimination to People with Mental Disorder, October 10, 2014, http://www.depkes.go.id/article/view/201410270011/stop-stigma-dan-diskriminasi-terhadap-orang-dengan-gangguan-jiwa-odgj.html (accessed August 20, 2015); Marsel Rombe, Indonesian Mental Health Law Passed after Five Years, Jakarta Globe, July 13, 2014, http://jakartaglobe.beritasatu.com/news/indonesian-mental-health-law-passed-five-years (accessed August 19, 2015).