ec2 user data script not running

If you've got a moment, please tell us how we can make the documentation better. There is a public IPv4 address, this is what were going to use to access our EC2 instance. Unleash the Power of AWS EC2: The Future of Scalable and Flexible You can put your script in /etc/rc.local, which will run the script on every reboot. I'll provide detailed walk-though. It is to automate boot tasks such as. running, you can view the user data but you cannot modify it. in the Amazon EC2 User Guide for Windows Instances. scripts after the instance starts. Copy your user script into the Edit user data box, and then choose Save. distributions. Why don't you echo out some progress information in your userdata script, step by step, and then check the console output afterwards? If you are familiar with shell scripting, this is the easiest and most complete 169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/instance-id)/sem/, aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/, How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability. What is the purpose of this D-shaped ring at the base of the tongue on my hiking boots? About an argument in Famine, Affluence and Morality. Step 2. 2. So it depends on the web browsers you have and so on, okay, but the reason sometimes it doesnt work is that in the URL, you need to make sure that youre using the HTTP protocol. You dont need to SSH into your EC2 instance and run those command one by one. On Windows, you can use the AWS Tools for Windows PowerShell instead of using the AWS CLI. If this option is disabled, either Automate Your EC2 Instance Setup with EC2 User Data Scripts Leave the settings to default Our instances are going to get a public IP and then there is going to be a security group attached to our instance (which is going to control the traffic from and to our instance ) and therefore we can add rules. User data shell scripts must start with the #! Where does this (supposedly) Gibson quote come from? How to react to a students panic attack in an oral exam? Have you checked your SGs and NACL configurations? These data/command executes after your EC2 instance starts. The simplicity helped me alot. Any idea for windows based instance? instance profile when launching the instance. Staging Ground Beta 1 Recap, and Reviewers needed for Beta 2, AWS - UserData is not executed for instance created from custom image. We're sorry we let you down. The instance state is running. Why do small African island nations perform better than African continental nations, considering democracy and human development? of cloud-init directives that run when the instance launches. If you use HTTPS, this is not going to work and its going to give you an infinite loading screen. However, you can use the Step 11. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Javascript is disabled or is unavailable in your browser. My code is GPL licensed, can I issue a license to have my code be distributed in a specific MIT licensed project? Make sure that the latest version of cloud-init is installed and functioning properly on your EC2 instance. before you create an AMI from the instance. In this case, it will be an EC2 instance store ). You can use the AWS CLI to specify, modify, and view the user data for your instance. It actually took me a few hours of research and testing, so once I figured it out, I created this question to help the next person looking for a definitive answer. I want to utilize user data to run a script every time my Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance is restarted. Why are Suriname, Belize, and Guinea-Bissau classified as "Small Island Developing States"? It will execute the script on the first launch of our EC2 instance and only on the first launch. In this template, we are launching an EC2 instance with user data specified. For information 3. The user data says to install apache web server on your instance. volume of the instance is an EBS volume, you can also stop the instance and update so User data will be executed If your AMI is a snapshot of the machine ( lift and Shifted from. Add a local rdp user via user data at launch of a Windows EC2 instance. >> /tmp/testfile.txt with the shell script that you want to run during the instance boot. Adding these tasks at boot time /var/log/cloud-init-output.log. for cloud-init, see their specific documentation. http://cloudinit.readthedocs.org/en/latest/index.html, Combine shell scripts and cloud-init directives, Deploying applications Use exact command. How much storage space ( If you want it to be attached through the network then we will use EBS or EFS If you want it to be hardware attached. For more Run EC2 user-data script as non-root user - Server Fault EC2 AMI version. Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Follow the procedure for launching an Bootstrapping means launching commands when the machine starts. How to use EC2 User Data Script to Install Apache Web Server Does a barbarian benefit from the fast movement ability while wearing medium armor? Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Step 4. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Thanks for letting us know we're doing a good job! I prefer YAML for writing my templates. Then you need to choose a key pair type (RSA encrypted or ED25519 encrypted), here well be using the RSA encrypted. sudo rm -f /home/ubuntu/force-user-data.sh So this is necessary if we use the SSH utility to access our instance. forward slash and the file name. Enter your cloud-init directive text in the User In configuration, keep everything as default and click on Next. How to Execute EC2 User Data Script using Terraform In this article, we are going to launch our EC2 instance running Amazon Linux. For more Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! You can rent virtual machines on EC2, theyre called EC2 instances. You should see hello world response fro your server. wizard as plain text, as a file (this is useful for launching instances using the Knowing how to use EC2 in AWS is fundamental to understanding how the cloud works because the cloud is to be able to rent computers whenever you need, on-demand, and EC2 is just that. Next, you need to choose a base image for your EC2 instance i.e. A simple web page is created to test the web server and PHP engine. If you want some other version of node to be installed, then change the number for whatever supported version. about viewing user data from your instance using instance metadata, see Retrieve instance user Step 10. So let's go ahead and see the step by step instruction to execute EC2 user data script using CloudFormation Step 1: Provide proper permission If you are not an admin user, you should explicitly provide ec2:* permission for your user/role. Can you explain what this is supposed to do? Redoing the align environment with a specific formatting, The difference between the phonemes /p/ and /b/ in Japanese. No worries, you can just tweak it by just removing the force-user-data.sh itself at the end. The #cloud-boothook make it works because it changes the script from a user_data mechanism to a cloud-boothook one that runs on each start. EC2 User Data scripts run with a root user. You have to use cloud_final_modules in your userdata script to re-run the userdata script and for that you have to customise uderdata to have miultiple files in userdata. If you preorder a special airline meal (e.g. Check your system log and you should see that Echo in the Management console, Also add this https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/ec2-linux-log-user-data/. If you're interested in more complex automation scenarios, you might consider AWS CloudFormation or With the instance still selected, choose Actions, Please refer to your browser's Help pages for instructions. The nature of simulating nature: A Q&A with IBM Quantum researcher Dr. Jamie We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup, Run a bash script after EC2 instance boots. Be sure to use the file:// prefix to specify the file. Step 9. and the files contained within it. The httpd service is started and turned on via Therefore, always remeber to base64-encode your user data script while specifying your user data. This will act as key-value pair and if you wanted to add additional tags to tag your instance differently, then you could click on Add additional tags. In my previous post, I talked about doing it via AWS console. the Advanced details section of the launch instance It should not stuck on modules:config. file:// prefix to specify the file. How do I connect these two faces together? For more information and examples of script syntax, see. With describe-instance-attribute, the AWS CLI does not perform base64 decoding of the user data for you. In this post, we will learn to do it using CloudFormation. When I connect manually and run the python file it starts the script which is great and all, but is there a way to make sure that the script starts when the instance is booted up? Note: It's a best practice to create a snapshot of your instance before proceeding with the following resolution. Working with Amazon EC2 user data and Terraform then complete the instance launch procedure. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. This worked for me on an Ubuntu, however I needed to run. Step 1: The attacker gained initial access by exploiting a public-facing service in a self-managed Kubernetes cluster hosted inside an AWS cloud account. With modify-instance-attribute, the AWS CLI does not perform base64 encoding of the user data for you. Or, I want to view the user data logs but don't know where they are. User data is limited to 16 KB, in raw form, before it is base64-encoded. All rights reserved. to specify the user data. Log EC2 Linux user data and send it to the console log when running So the EC2 User Data has a very specific purpose. rev2023.3.3.43278. To use the Amazon Web Services Documentation, Javascript must be enabled. check that the security group you are using contains a rule to allow HTTP (port 80) traffic. Also, Enter the stack name and click on Next. If you go into advanced details you could configure them a little more advanced in terms of storage, volume, encryption, and keys. You can access the log files at the following locations: EC2Launch v2: C:\ProgramData\Amazon\EC2Launch\log\agent.log, EC2Launch: C:\ProgramData\Amazon\EC2-Windows\Launch\Log\UserdataExecution.log, EC2Config: C:\Program Files\Amazon\Ec2ConfigService\Logs\Ec2ConfigLog.txt. sudo cloud-init modules -m final view the log file, connect to the instance To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Enter your shell script in the User data field, and Step 8. For security reasons, create an IAM policy to restrict the users who are allowed to add or remove user data through the ModifyInstanceAttribute API. Operating Systems that can we choose for our EC2 instances are Linux, Windows, or Mac OS. Programming HOW-TO at the Linux Documentation Project (tldp.org). You can read more about all that in the cloud-init Boot Stages docs section. command as follows: To retrieve the user data for an instance, use the describe-instance-attribute command. In this article, we are going to pass below code. The property UserData must be a base64-encoded text. How to make windows EC2 user data script run again on startup? The permissions you User data formats# User data that will be acted upon by cloud-init must be in one of the following types. How do I run a command on an existing EC2 Windows instance when I reboot or start the instance? However, this example shows both text/cloud-config and text/x-shellscript content-types in a mime-multi part file. How can I troubleshoot these issues? You can specify instance user data when you launch the instance. Launch the EC2 Instance in AWS with New Instance Wizard, Create a Windows EC2 Instance and Connect Using RDP, Amazon Web Services - Denying Access using IAM policy for EC2 and EBS Instance, Amazon Web Services - Replacing Unhealthy EC2 Instance in Elastic Beanstalk Environment, Amazon VPC - Launching an EC2 Instance into a VPC. And then we have to select key pair formats. 2. If you need more information, I'm glad to provide, please let me know what happened in my own AMI and how to fix it? Be sure to delete the user data scripts from The user data are stored in files name part_001 etc. Work with instance user data - Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. information, see Create a security group. You can update your configuration to ensure that your user data scripts and cloud-init directives run every time you restart your instance. Amazon Linux instances, see cloud-init. The only different part I saw is if I run this script: cloud-init.noarch 0.7.2-8.33.amzn1 @amzn-main, cloud-init.noarch 0.7.2-8.33.amzn1 installed. EC2 UserData script is not running on startup Ask Question Asked 1 year, 9 months ago Modified 7 months ago Viewed 2k times Part of AWS Collective 2 I am trying to automate EC2 instance creation. expecting them to, or if you just want to verify that your directives Do you need billing or technical support? To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. identify the commands as cloud-init directives. You can useYAMLorJSONfor your template. The typical answer is to use EC2 User Data, but this doesn't seem to work for me. and where will it store? Unfortunately I cannot share the script due to confidentiality so if any has any tips on what could possible be wrong I'd love to hear from you. EC2 User Data to Install Apache Web Server, This is how it looks like in a CloudFormation Template, I hope we are clear on the script by now. And in the Cloud, you can start and stop instances just as you wish. While the instance is in a stopping state and if we try to refresh our webpage its not going to work because you dont have the server running anymore. Adding a comment below on what you liked and what can be improved. The cloud-init output log file captures console output so it is easy to debug your Its because If you stop an instance and then you start it, later on, AWS changes its public IPv4 address. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. Choose Actions, Instance State, Stop. This will install node version 4.4.5. multi part archive, see cloud-init Formats. Note: If Stop is not activated, either the instance is already stopped, or its root device is an instance store volume. For linux, I suppose the mechanism is the same, and user_data needs to be re-activated on your custom image. install libssl-devel-0.9.8d-alt4.x86_64 in linux, Error installing dotnet "Requires openssl-libs", Getting broken package while installing MySQL 5.7 on AWS EC2 user (Amazon Linux). way to send instructions to an instance at launch. For example, the following user data includes cloud-init directives and a bash shell script. By default, cloud-init allows only one content type in user data at a time. The nature of simulating nature: A Q&A with IBM Quantum researcher Dr. Jamie We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. Similar to other posts on this topic, we are going to install apache web server on an EC2 instance using EC2 User Data. and look for error messages in the output. How to make EC2 user data script run again on startup? Ref: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/user-data.html#user-data-shell-scripts. instance that can be used to perform common automated configuration tasks and even run then check to see that your script has completed the tasks that you intended. How do I run a command on a new EC2 Windows instance at launch? Commands wrapped in script tags are saved to a batch file, and commands wrapped in PowerShell tags are saved to a .ps1 file (corresponds to the User Data check box on the Ec2 Service Properties dialog box). What is EC2 User Data Simply put User Data is a set of commands which will be executed on an EC2 instance when it is first launched. "UNPROTECTED PRIVATE KEY FILE!" To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. instance. As we all know, Amazon EC2 (virtual machines) is the legacy approach to hosting applications in the world of containers. Did any DOS compatibility layers exist for any UNIX-like systems before DOS started to become outmoded? . (Optional) If your directives did not accomplish the tasks you were Run EC2 user-data script as non-root user Ask Question Asked 10 years, 9 months ago Modified 3 years, 9 months ago Viewed 12k times 8 I'm able to run a user-data script successfully, but it runs as root. In the navigation pane, choose Instances. For more information, see Using instance profiles in the IAM User Guide. https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/. Staging Ground Beta 1 Recap, and Reviewers needed for Beta 2, Create an AMI with EC2 Launch V2 and make userdata run again after reboot. Note: Replace the line /bin/echo "Hello World." User data is treated as opaque data: what you give is what you get back. However, in some cases, it may be necessary to run these scripts as a non-root user, for security or other reasons. How to Provide the Static IP to a Docker Container? the BASH You modified or configured user data, but it doesn't run on instance launch. That is launching new non-login root shell. errors, connect to the instance, I checked /var/lib/cloud/instance/user-data.txt, the file is exist and same as my user-data script. If the root Step 7. For information about running commands on your Windows instance at launch, see Run commands on your Windows instance at launch I will appreciate if someone can put some lights on why it is unable to execute the user-data. rm /var/lib/cloud/instance/sem/config_scripts_user. directory on any instance launched from the AMI. What we have did is we have created script with above commands and made that script to run while system boots. The longer you leave it running, the more youre going to pay. Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud - Wikipedia What sort of strategies would a medieval military use against a fantasy giant? An EC2 instance may be launched with a choice of two types of storage for its boot disk or "root device." The first option is a local "instance-store" disk as a root device (originally the only choice). procedure. The examples in this topic assume the following: Your instance has a public DNS name that is reachable from the internet. Change parameters like ImageId, InstanceType and KeyName with your own AMI Id, instance type and name of keypair respectivey. User data formats - cloud-init 22.4.2 documentation has finished successfully. How to run user data in windows instance using boto3 information about the configuration tasks that the cloud-init package performs for Amazon EC2 User Guide for Windows Instances. 2023, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. Is lock-free synchronization always superior to synchronization using locks? ncdu: What's going on with this second size column? When a user data script is processed, it is copied to and run from Ec2HandleUserDataCreates and runs scripts created by the user on the first launch of an instance after Sysprep is run. Log your EC2 Linux user data and then ship it to the console logs user data is not running at launch aws ec2, docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/, How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability. You should allow a few minutes of extra time for the tasks to complete This is what I got: I suspect that the first 'sudo su'. Then you > should type "pip install StarCluster". followed by a forward slash and the file name. But dont worry, If you want it in JSON, I will provideJSONtemplate as well. Here is the code to reactivate start on windows using powershell: (I know the question focus linux, but it could help others ). I have an EC2 instance which I bootstrapped with some user data that runs some updates and installs some other software on startup. So the first rule we want to have is to allow SSH traffic from anywhere and to allow HTTP traffic from the internet. In the navigation pane, choose Instances. On a Windows computer, use the certutil command to encode the user data. To keep data from instance store volumes, be sure to back it up to persistent storage. For the sake of completeness, if you have a situation where you care to keep track of the fact/possibility that this AMI [had a parent AMI that ] and they all ran cloud-init user data, you can delete only the current semaphore. error messages in the output. It's not needed. data. Here is the startup script that I have used for the user-data of the EC2 instance that we will deploy on AWS. You can follow these steps to install both node and npm. this is the answer as an example: ensure that you have in the headline only #!/bin/bash. the path to the interpreter you want to read the script (commonly Steps to create EC2 User data Specify user data while launching EC2 Instance Allow traffic on port 80 and 443 on Security Group Verify User data Execution/Apache Installation Let's do all these steps one by one. If you need the instance to have a static public IPv4 address, consider using an. EC2 is not just one service. (END CERTIFICATE) lines. Here only a single line bin/echo "Hello World" >> /tmp/userdata-test.txt to be executed, replace this with your shell script that needs to be executed every time a machine is booted. The above code is a shell script. Note that this includes a password passed in thru both the user data and powershell command line and is a bad security practice because they can be viewed later. amazon ec2 - user data scripts not working for me during starting of Open the Amazon EC2 console at Step 1. EC2 AMI version - Page 2 - The OpenSees Community Visit Stack Exchange Tour Start here for quick overview the site Help Center Detailed answers. archive that includes a cloud-init data section with the Does a summoned creature play immediately after being summoned by a ready action? . Bootstrap script to configure the instance at first launch, which is called the EC2 User Data. I searched a lot of topic about "user-data script is not working" in these few days, but until now, I haven't gotten any idea about my case yet, please help me to figure out what happened, thanks a lot! Do new devs get fired if they can't solve a certain bug? You can also configure your user data to re-run on every boot, instead of removing the state file. 4. What can a lawyer do if the client wants him to be acquitted of everything despite serious evidence? examine the cloud-init output log file (/var/log/cloud-init-output.log), It can take Rather all you need is to specify the whole script in the user data section and they get executed once your instance boots up. The necessary web server, php, and mariadb Lets check the web server running on our instance. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. A mime multi-part file allows your script to override how frequently user data is run in the cloud-init package. Replace it with an 'echo start'. Your email address will not be published. use with Amazon Linux 2, and the commands and directives may not work for other Linux Is there a proper earth ground point in this switch box? following tasks are performed by the user data: The distribution software packages are updated. /var/log/cloud-init-output.log. Example userdata file would be like: This will make userdata script to execute on last step of every boot process. Supported browsers are Chrome, Firefox, Edge, and Safari. It should work since when I ssh into the instance and do the following script from inside the instance it does the work, so I am assuming the configuration won't be the problem. Setting up a Node.js app on a Linux AMI on an AWS EC2 instance with Nginx | by Nishank Jain | Medium 500 Apologies, but something went wrong on our end. Where is it? Please help us improve AWS. As I tested, there were some bootstrap data in /var/lib/cloud directory. The cloud-init package configures specific aspects of a new Amazon Linux instance when it is but noticed I was getting it with the quotes still in it. command line tools), or as base64-encoded text (for API calls). and Manage Windows instance configuration in the more information, see IAM roles for Amazon EC2. Run commands on your Linux instance at launch, Run commands on your Windows instance at launch. is stored in another file. Did any DOS compatibility layers exist for any UNIX-like systems before DOS started to become outmoded? First, enter a name tag for the instance. Not sure which, but I was having no luck getting anything to work. When you launch an EC2 instance, you can specify your user data like below. Running Docker on AWS EC2. just add --// at the end of your user data script , example : User Data should execute fine without using #cloud-boothook (which is used to activate the User Data at the earliest possible time during the boot process). Start the instance. How to make EC2 user data script run again on startup? Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. #cloud-config line at the top is required in order to to the instance, examine the output log file This is a major lifesaver for trouble shooting user data issues. I have raised the issue to AWS support but still I couldn't find exact reason/bug which affects it. Open the Amazon EC2 console, and then select your instance. If you retrieve the data using instance metadata or the Amazon EC2 console, then it's automatically decoded for you. decode it. Instance types are going to differ based on the number of CPUs they have, the amount of memory they have, and how much they cost. On a Linux computer , use the --query option to get the encoded user data and the User data doesn't run on subsequent reboots or starts. The current state of the instance. So, that EC2 User data script is only run once and when it first starts, and then will never be run again. I'm looking at the moment how to do that in an automated way at the end of the custom image creation. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. User data doesn't run on subsequent reboots or starts. to that file. 1. For this, well be launching our EC2 instance which is, well, a virtual server and well use the console for this then we will launch a web server directly on the EC2 instance using a piece of code as user data script and we will pass to the EC2 instance. So, if you want your new AMI to execute user-data again, just create the flag again before create the image: The only way I get it to work was to add the #cloud-boothook before the #!/bin/bash, This is a typical user data script that installs Apache web server on a newly created instance.